Another one of the innovations of the Murji'ah
is that they do not include actions into the definition and essence of
al-Emaan. The premise they use is that if actions were part of al-Emaan, it
would necessitate that we declare sinners as being disbelievers. Had al-Emaan
truly comprised of actions and statements, then partial absence of al-Emaan
would not possible, either the person has it or not (thus sinning would mean an
absence of al-Emaan, making sinners into disbelievers, something that could not
believe in).
However, there are many evidences from the Sharee'ah
which prove that actions are included into the definition and very essence of
al-Emaan. From them is the Statement of Allaah, the Most High:
“And Allah would
never make your faith (prayers) to be lost (i.e. your prayers offered
towards Jerusalem)” [al-Baqarah 2:
143]
Meaning, the prayers of a Muslim has explicitly
been been described as being al-Emaan. When the Prophet [Peace and Blessings of
Allaah be upon him] was asked by the Muslims that if a person died whilst
facing the old Qiblah (towards Masjid al-Aqsa and not the Ka'bah in Makkah) in,
what would be the ruling on their prayers, this Noble Aayah was revealed in
response[1].
Likewise, Allaah, the Most High, Said:
Here, the Emaan of the believers has been
described as being completed because of their execution of the actions
mentioned.
Allaah, the Glorified and the Exalted, Said:
And He, the Most High, Said:
“Only those are
the believers who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and afterward doubt
not but strive with their wealth and their lives for the Cause of Allah. Those!
They are the truthful.” [al-Hujaraat
49:15]
And He, the Most High, Said:
It is also authentically narrated on the
authority of Ibn 'Abbaas [May Allaah be Pleased with him] that the Prophet [Peace
and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] said to the envoy of 'Abd al-Qays, "You
are commanded to have al-Emaan in Allaah, and do you know what al-Emaan in
Allaah is? It is to bear witness that there is no god worthy of worship except
Allaah, to establish the prayers, to pay the Zakaat, to fast in Ramadhaan and
to donate a fifth of your war booty.[2]"
Evidently here, actions have been included into
the definition and the essence of al-Emaan.
Likewise in this Hadeeth there is no indication that a person is sufficed
as having al-Emaan by merely having faith in the heart alone without action.
This is because it is well-known that faith belongs in the heart, but the
Hadeeth explains on how to apply it in action.
It is also narrated in Saheeh al-Bukhaaree on
the authority of Aboo Hurayrah [May Allaah be Pleased with him] that the
Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] said, "al-Emaan is
some seventy odd branches. The utmost branch is to testify that there is no god
worthy of worship except Allaah and the lowest branch is to remove something
harmful from the pathway.[3]"
It is also reported in the Sunnan of Aboo
Dawood with a good chain of transmission on the authority of Aboo Umaamah [May
Allaah be Pleased with him] that the Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be
upon him] said, "Whoever loves for the Sake of Allaah, hates for the sake
of Allaah, gives for the Sake fo Allaah, witholds for the sake of Allaah, has
then perfected his al-Emaan.[4]"
It is also reported in the Sunnan with an
authentic chain of narration, on the authority of Aboo Hurayrah that the
Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] said, "The believer is
someone who the people are safe from in their blood and their wealth.[5]"
So that the idea that the Murji'ah have, that
including al-Emaan into actions necessitates that al-Emaan be nullified if it
decreases, is a erronoues concept. The
branhces of a tree are indeed part of a tree, and in an event that parts of a
tree cease to be part of the said tree, does not mean that the tree is no
longer defined as being a tree.
[4]
Reported by Aboo Dawood (4681) and
Ahmad (3/438) on the authority of Aboo Umaamah. At-Tirmidhee (2523) on the
authority of Mu'aath bin Anas.
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