Question:
Who has the most right after your families?
وَقَضَى
رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا إِمَّا
يَبْلُغَنَّ عِندَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلاهُمَا فَلاَ تَقُل لَّهُمَا
أُفٍّ وَلاَ تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُل لَّهُمَا قَوْلاً كَرِيمًا
وَاخْفِضْ
لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُل رَّبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا
رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا
رَّبُّكُمْ
أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي نُفُوسِكُمْ إِن تَكُونُواْ صَالِحِينَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ
لِلأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا
وَآتِ
ذَا الْقُرْبَى حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلاَ تُبَذِّرْ
تَبْذِيرًا
إِنَّ
الْمُبَذِّرِينَ كَانُواْ إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ لِرَبِّهِ
كَفُورًا
وَإِمَّا
تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَاء رَحْمَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ تَرْجُوهَا فَقُل لَّهُمْ
قَوْلاً مَّيْسُورًا
وَلاَ
تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَى عُنُقِكَ وَلاَ تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ
فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُومًا مَّحْسُورًا
إِنَّ
رَبَّكَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَاء وَيَقْدِرُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ
خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا
وَلاَ
تَقْتُلُواْ أَوْلادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلاقٍ نَّحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُم
إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْءًا كَبِيرًا
وَلاَ
تَقْرَبُواْ الزِّنَى إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَاء سَبِيلاً
وَلاَ
تَقْتُلُواْ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ وَمَن قُتِلَ
مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلاَ يُسْرِف فِّي الْقَتْلِ
إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُورًا
وَلاَ
تَقْرَبُواْ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلاَّ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ
أَشُدَّهُ وَأَوْفُواْ بِالْعَهْدِ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْؤُولاً
وَأَوْفُوا
الْكَيْلَ إِذَا كِلْتُمْ وَزِنُواْ بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ
وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلاً
وَلاَ
تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ
كُلُّ أُوْلَئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْؤُولاً
وَلاَ
تَمْشِ فِي الأَرْضِ مَرَحًا إِنَّكَ لَن تَخْرِقَ الأَرْضَ وَلَن تَبْلُغَ
الْجِبَالَ طُولاً
كُلُّ
ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِندَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهًا
17:23-38
|
“The man of high status should be
given the respect to which he is entitled, and the one who has a low level of
knowledge should not be elevated above his status.
Whoever undervalues the scholars
will lose his afterlife…
Imam
Muslim said in the introduction to his Saheeh
|
Question:
What is Ilm?
Different
definitions:
1-Something
which can be proven according to the reality
2-Something
which has Dalil
3-Something
which there is firm conviction in it
These
stem from the two types of knowledge:
1-Ilm
which is essential (Daroori)
2-Ilm
which is attained (Muktasab)
Who
is a person who has Ilm/a scholar?
1) Knowledge (not Hifdh) of the texts of the Qur’aan and Sunnah.
2) Knows the differences of opinions and areas of consensus (ijmaa‘).
3) Well versed in the Arabic language needed to understand the
religion.
4) Knowledge of usool al-fiqh because usool al-fiqh is the foundation
for deriving rulings.
5) He must be free from major sins:
|
If a scholar is not free of major sins then he is a
Mufti for himself and not for others.
Al-Faqeeh wa al-Mutafaqih
|
Does
everyone who have knowledge necessarily mean he is in a position to teach/call?
No
person can position himself (in Fatwa etc.) unless he has five:
1-Ikhlas
2-Patient
3-Firm
in his knowledge & ability to decipher
4-Independant
5-Know
the attitudes of people
RESPECTING THE
SCHOLARS AND THE PEOPLE OF VIRTUE
GIVING
PRECEDENCE TO THEM OVER OTHERS
GIVING RESPECT
TO THEIR SITTINGS
MAKING APPARENT
THEIR HONOUR AND VIRTUES
348-"One who is senior most
in accepting Islam, should lead the Salat (prayer)".
349-" Let those be nearest
to me who are mature and endowed with understanding (of the religion), then
those who are nearest to them in these respects and then those who are nearest
to them".
350- "Let those be nearest
to me in Salat (prayer) who are mature and possess (religious) knowledge, then
those who are nearest to them in these respects". He repeated this three
times and then added, "Beware of indulging in the loose talks of the
markets (when you are in the mosque)".
351-A group visited the Prophet
and the youngest amongst them began to spoke so he said, “The elders, the
elders.”
From this we learn two lessons:
1-It is not allowed to take knowledge from
people who are not known to study with the Ulema
2-Ibn Mas’ood (Allah be pleased with him) said,
“People will remain upon on goodness as long as they keep taking/studying with
their elders. If they take it from their youngers and the worst of their
people, they will be destroyed.”
352- Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him)
reported:
After the battle of Uhud, the Prophet (ﷺ) arranged the burial of two of the martyrs in one grave. In
each case he would ask, "Which one of them had learnt more Qur'an by
heart?" Whichever was thus pointed out to him, was placed by him first in
the Lahd.
From this, we learn books must be
respected
|
It is Haram to lean or place things above the Mushaf, likewise
the books of knowledge which have Quran in it. If they are books of knowledge
which doesn’t have many Ayat in it – then it is Makrooh.
Shaykh Mansoor al-Bahooti
|
353- "It was shown to me in
my dream that I was cleaning my teeth with a Miswak and two men came to me, one
being older than the other. I gave the Miswak to the younger one, but I was
asked to give it to the older, which I did".
354- "It is out of reverence
to Allah in respecting an aged Muslim, and the one who commits the Qur'an to
memory and does not exaggerate pronouncing its letters nor forgets it after
memorizing, and to respect the just ruler".
355- "He is not one of us
who shows no mercy to younger ones and does not acknowledge the honour due to
our elders".
356- A begger asked 'Aishah (May
Allah be pleased with her) for charity and she gave him a piece of bread.
Thereafter, one well-dressed person asked her for charity and she invited him
to sit down and served him food. When she was asked about the reason for the
difference in treatment, she said: "Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) instructed
us: 'Treat people according to their status".
|
The Prophet said, “From the signs
of the Hour – people will take knowledge form their younger ones.”
Ibn Qutaybah (may Allah have mercy
on him) said, “This means young in terms of age and nurturing.”
Al-Lalikai (may Allah have mercy
on him) said, “It means those who haven’t matured in knowledge – but it’s not
about age.”
|
357- Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with
them) reported:
'Uyainah bin Hisn came to Al-Madinah and stayed with his nephew Al-Hurr
bin Qais who was among those who were close to 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with
him) and had access to his council. The scholarly persons, whether they were
old or young, had the privilege of joining his council and he used to consult
them. 'Uyainah said to Al-Hurr: "My dear nephew, you have an access to the
Leader of the Believers. Will you obtain permission for me to sit with
him?" Al-Hurr asked 'Umar and he accorded permission. When 'Uyainah came
into the presence of 'Umar, he addressed him thus: "O son of Al-Khattab,
you neither bestow much on us nor deal with us justly." 'Umar (May Allah
be pleased with him) got angry and was about to beat him when Al-Hurr said:
"O Leader of the Believers, Allah has said to his Prophet (ﷺ): 'Show forgiveness, enjoin
what is good, and turn away from the foolish (i.e., don't punish them), [i.e.,
'Uyainah] (7:199). This is one of the ignorant ones." By Allah!
When al-Hurr recited this, 'Umar became quite motionless in his seat. He always
adhered strictly to the Book of Allah.
358- Abu Sa'id Samurah bin Jundub (May
Allah be pleased with him) reported:
I was a boy during the lifetime of Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and used to commit to my
memory what he said, but I do not narrate what I preserved because there were
among us people who were older than me.
359- "If a young man honours
an older person on account of his age, Allah appoints someone to show reverence
to him in his old age"
-Students should do their best according to their ability
and memorisation:
1-ikhlas
2-give up sins
3-pondering
4-repitition
5-syllabus: mutoon etc.
VISITING THE
PEOPLE OF GOODNESS, SITTING WITH THEM, BEING WITH THEM, LOVING THEM, ASKING TO
VISIT THEM, SEEKING THEIR DUA AND GOING TO PLACES OF VIRTUE
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِفَتَاهُ لا أَبْرَحُ حَتَّى
أَبْلُغَ مَجْمَعَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَوْ أَمْضِيَ حُقُبًا
to
قَالَ لَهُ مُوسَى هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلَى أَن
تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا
18:60-66
The Salaf used to honour the sitting of
knowledge, like there were birds on their head
Wakee and Abdur-Rahmaan al-Azdee would walk out
if students weren’t ready
وَاصْبِرْ
نَفْسَكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم بِالْغَدَاةِ وَالْعَشِيِّ يُرِيدُونَ
وَجْهَهُ وَلا تَعْدُ عَيْنَاكَ عَنْهُمْ تُرِيدُ زِينَةَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا
وَلا تُطِعْ مَنْ أَغْفَلْنَا قَلْبَهُ عَن ذِكْرِنَا وَاتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ وَكَانَ
أَمْرُهُ فُرُطًا
18:28
|
The Masajid are
the places of sitting for the Prophets and protection from Shaytan.
-Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him)
|
360- Anas bin Malik
(May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
After the death of Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him) said to 'Umar (May
Allah be pleased with him) : "Let us visit Umm Aiman (May Allah be pleased
with her) as Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
used to visit her". As we came to her, she wept. They (Abu Bakr and 'Umar
(May Allah be pleased with him) said to her, "What makes you weep? Do you
not know that what Allah has in store for His Messenger (ﷺ) is better than (this worldly life)?" She said, "I
weep not because I am ignorant of the fact that what is in store for Messenger
of Allah (ﷺ) (in the Hereafter) is better than this
world, but I weep because the Revelation has ceased to come". This moved
both of them to tears and they began to weep along with her.
|
The entire world is darkness except for
sittings with the scholars.
Al-Hasan
al-Basri
|
Virtues of good friendship and being for them….
361- "A
man set out to visit a brother (in Faith) in another town and Allah sent an
angel on his way. When the man met the angel, the latter asked him, "Where
do you intend to go?" He said, "I intend to visit my brother in this
town." The angel said, "Have you done any favour to him?" He
said, "No, I have no desire except to visit him because I love him for the
sake of Allah, the Exalted, and Glorious." Thereupon the angel said,
"I am a messenger to you from Allah (to inform you) that Allah loves you
as you love him (for His sake)"
362-
"Whosoever visits an ailing person or a brother of his to seek the
Pleasure of Allah, an announcer (angel) calls out: 'May you be happy, may your
walking be blessed, and may you be awarded a dignified position in
Jannah".
363- "The
similitude of good company and that of bad company is that of the owner of musk
and of the one blowing the bellows. The owner of musk would either offer you
some free of charge, or you would buy it from him, or you smell its pleasant
fragrance; and as for the one who blows the bellows (i.e., the blacksmith), he
either burns your clothes or you smell a repugnant smell".
How true is
this:
Those who sat
with the best = companions
Those who sat
with the best and were the best = Tabi’een
Those who sat
with the best and were the best and followed them in this = Atbaa’ at-Tabi’een
(including for schools etc.)
364- "A
woman is married for four things: for her wealth, for her lineage, for her
beauty or for her piety. Select the pious, may you be blessed!".
365- The
Prophet (ﷺ) said to Jibril (Gabriel),
"What prevents you from visiting us more frequently?" Thereupon was
revealed the Ayah: "(The angels say:) 'And we (angels) descend not except
by the Command of your Rubb. To Him belongs what is before us and what is
behind us, and what is between those two". (19:64)
366-
"Keep only a believer for a companion and let only a pious eat your
food".
367- "Man
follows his friend's religion, you should be careful who you take for
friends".
|
Ibn al-Qayyim
said: meeting with brothers is of two types:
1) For the
sake of socialising - this corrupts the heart and wastes time
2) Meeting
for cooperation for success - this is a means of gaining success, greatest of
booty is gained from this but there are three slippery slopes in this:
a) over
attractiveness of one another
b) too much
speech
c) desires
can overcome the actual objective
Therefore,
the soul is effected by this either in good or bad
|
368- "A
person will be summoned with the one whom he loves".
369- A bedouin
came to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
and said to him, "When will be the Hour (i.e., the Day of
Resurrection)?" He (the Prophet (ﷺ))
said, "What preparation have you made for it?" He said, "Only
the love of Allah and His Messenger." Then Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "You will be with those whom you love."
370- "O
Messenger of Allah! What do you think of a man who loves some people but does
not go any nearer to their position?" He (ﷺ)
replied, "A man will be with those whom he loves".
371-
"People are like gold and silver; those who were best in Jahiliyyah
(Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance) are best in Islam, if they have religious
understanding; and the souls are like recruited soldiers, they get mixed up
with those similar with them in qualities and oppose and drift away from those
who do not share their qualities".
|
Ibn Hazm
(Allah have Mercy on him) said:
The people of
ignorance made me angry twice in my life: nice words in the days when I was
ignorant and their silence (of no support) when I had knowledge.
The people of
knowledge pleased me twice in my life: by teaching me in my days of ignorance
and by revision in my days of knowledge.
|
372- Usair bin 'Amr
(Ibn Jabir) reported:
When delegations from Yemen came to the help
of (the Muslim army at the time of Jihad) 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him)
would ask them, "Is there Owais bin 'Amir amongst you?" (He continued
searching him) until he met Owais (May Allah be pleased with him). He said,
"Are you Owais bin 'Amir?" He said, "Yes". 'Umar asked,
"Are you from the Qaran branch of the tribe of Murad?" He said,
"Yes". He 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) again said, "Did
you suffer from leucoderma and then you were cured from it but for the space of
a dirham?" He said, "Yes". He 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with
him) said, "Is your mother still alive?" He said, "Yes". He
'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said, "I heard Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying, 'There would come to you Owais bin 'Amir with the
reinforcement from the people of Yemen. He would be from Qaran (the branch) of
Murad. He had been suffering from leucoderma from which he was cured but for a
spot of a dirham. He has a mother to whom he is very dutiful. If he were to
take an oath in the Name of Allah, Allah would fulfill his oath. And if it is
possible for you, ask him to ask forgiveness for you.' So, ask forgiveness for
me". He Owais (May Allah be pleased with him) did so. 'Umar (May Allah be
pleased with him) then said, "Where do you intend to go?" He said,
"To Kufah." He 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said, "Let
me write a letter for you to its governor," whereupon he Owais (May Allah
be pleased with him) said, "I love to live amongst the poor people".
The following year, a person from among the elite (of Kufah) performed Hajj and
he met 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him). 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with
him) asked him about Owais (May Allah be pleased with him). He said, "I
left him in a state with meagre means of sustenance in a decayed house."
(Thereupon) 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said, "I heard Messenger
of Allah (ﷺ) saying, 'There would come to you Owais
bin 'Amir of Qaran, a branch (of the tribe) of Murad, along with the
reinforcement of the people of Yemen. He had been suffering from leucoderma
which would have been cured but for the space of a dirham. He has a mother to
whom he is very dutiful. Were he to swear, trusting Allah, for something, Allah
would fulfill his oath. If you can ask him to pray for forgiveness for you, do
so". This man went to Owais (May Allah be pleased with him) and asked him
to pray for forgiveness for him. Owais (May Allah be pleased with him) said to
him, "You have just returned from a blessed journey, it is you who should
pray for forgiveness for me; and did you meet 'Umar?" The man said,
"Yes". 'Owais (May Allah be pleased with him) then prayed for
forgiveness for him. People became aware of the high status of Owais (May Allah
be pleased with him) and he set out following his course.
373- 'Umar bin
Al-Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
I sought
permission of the Prophet (ﷺ) to perform 'Umrah. He granted me leave and said, "Dear
brother! Do not forget us in your supplications". ('Umar added): This is
something I would not exchange for the whole world.
374- The
Prophet (ﷺ) used to visit Quba', either
mounted or on foot and would offer two Rak'ah prayer in the mosque there.
Principles in Ijtihad and Taqlid
A-What is Ijtihad?
|
Definition: Something that is not objectively found in the text but
the scholar deduces an opinion from the texts and in using Usool.
|
B-Types of people who can make valid Ijtihad: Types of
Mujtahid –
1) Mutlaq – his own Usool and Madhab
2) Wujooh – the Usool of a Madhab but his own views
3) Tarjeeh – the Usool of the Madhab and the views of the
Madhab & is able to give the right one
4) Takhreek – he has no Usool but the correct view of the
Madhab but cant conclude
5) Hifdh – no Usool, no correct view – only knows the
opinions of the Madhab
People 1, 2 and 3 are the people of Fatwa and Ijtihad
-This means, they can’t depend on other people’s Ijtihad.
-If they are from 4 and 5 they are Muqallid (laypeople)
and cant issue Fatwa – they narrate Fatwa or opinions only.
How do we recognise these three categories?
1-the scholars give a
recommendation
-Some said there must be two scholars who praise, al-Qadi,
Baqilani, al-Ghazzali etc.
-The
majority said as long as he is Adil (free of major sin) and Dabit (accurate),
then one is sufficient
2-the Mufti takes him as a
deputy
3-a scholar defends him and
his views, the majority accepted this.
4-a scholar shares a view
as someone else but the correct view is that this is not Tazkiyyah, this was
supported by Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Salah, Nawawi etc.
5-a person calls himself Mufti,
the majority reject this as being proof. Others like al-Ghazzali, al-Juwayni and others
accepted this.
C-The ijtihaad of a scholar in his presence
should be respected and not gone against
|
In issues of Ijtihad then the statement of
a scholar cant be denounced nor abandoned.
Ibn Taymiyyah
|
D-A person can’t force
another to follow his opinion or tarnish those who follow a different one.
|
If anyone follows a view based on valid
Ijtihad, he is not to be denounced. IF a person follows what he thinks is
likely to be correct then this is what he must do. Otherwise, out of
necessity, he may make Taqlid in what the scholars have said.
Ibn Taymiyyah
|
E-One is not allowed to make Inkaar in matters
of Ijtihaad – only advise.
Sometimes one must follow
the Ijtihaad of another even if one feels otherwise, thus there is Inkaar
sometimes:
-He must make Inkaar if
both of their Ijtihaad are the same
-If his Ijtihad is weak
-If the ruler says
-The wife for her husband
to keep harmony
Taqleed
|
-Definition: To follow something without proof.
|
A-The lay person is not allowed to make Taqlid of any
Madhab and only becomes permitted out of necessity
|
There is complete scholarly consensus that Taqlid is Haram
Ibn Abdul-Barr
|
B-Its worse when a person blindly follows only one person
|
The Ummah are agreed that they cant give precedence to follow one
person in all of their affairs.
Ibn Taymiyyah
|
And Allah Knows best
No comments:
Post a Comment