-If a person finds
some water, then he uses the water to make Wudhoo/Ghusl as much as he can then
he makes at-Taymmum for the rest of this limbs/body. Al-‘Uthaymeen explains
gives an example that if a person only has enough water to wash his hands and
face, then he must use the water to do this and uses the earth to wipe over the
rest of his body.
Note: one must use the
water he has before resorting at-Tayammum based on the following evidences:
-The Statement of the Most High, “fear Him as much as you can” [at-Taghabun: 16]
-The Hadeeth, “If I order you to do something then do it as much you are
able to.” [Reported by al-Bukhaaree (7288) and Muslim (1337)]
The scholars have been
split into three opinions:
One group of scholars
have stated that we have been commanded to wash, and then if we are unable,
make at-Tayammum.
If a person doesn’t
have enough water to wash his hands, face, arms or feet then he uses earth.
They stated as
evidence:
-Qiyaas (analogy) with wiping over socks, that we wash the limbs and
wipe over the socks, though in origin we are commanded to wash our feet.
A second opinion from
the scholars have stated that there is no such thing as combining at-Tayammum
with Wudhoo/Ghusl. They stated that a person has a little amount of water then
he should use it to make Wudhoo to the best of his ability, and if it is
insufficient then he should make at-Tayammum alone. Their arguments are as
follows:
-There is no evidence to suggest that one must combine both types of
purification in the event of a little amount of water.
-The Sharee’ah has given us two separate rulings, thus we act upon one
or the other.
The third view from
the scholars is that we use water in all cases, and if we cannot complete the
Wudhoo due to insufficient amounts of water, then we are excused from completing
the Wudhoo in this case. Their argument is:
-That the Sharee’ah has given us either Wudhoo or at-Tayammum, both are
complete acts of worship and we can’t split them into division. Therefore, if
we are doing Wudhoo, we cant replace some acts of Wudhoo with others as Wudhoo
cannot be divided.
Al-Uthaymeen states
that the correct opinion from the above three is the first one, based on the
Hadeeth in which an injured man had a
shortage of water, “It is sufficient that you make at-Tayammum by wiping over
your cast injury and you perform Wudhoo for the rest of your limbs.” [Reported by Aboo
Dawood (336) and classed as weak by Ibn Hajar in Buloogh (136). Uthaymeen
suggested it could be Hasan, however]
So in this Hadeeth the
Prophet told him to combine at-Tayammum and Wudhoo according to his
need/ability.
A-The same ruling
applies to those who are injured; if a person is able to wash an injured part
of his body then he must do. If this will cause him harm then he must wipe over
it with water. If this will cause him harm then he must make at-Tayammum over
it, by wiping over it with earth. For the rest of his body, he makes Wudhoo as
normal.
B-If one is combining
at-Tayammum and Wudhoo then there is no succession like he normally would in
Wudhoo, however the scholars differed:
-Some stated that it must be done in order. For example, if he is unable
to wash or wipe his face with water, then he must wash his hands, then gargle
(Madhmadhah) and clean his nose (Istinshaaq) and then wipe his face with earth
and then continue with the rest of Wudhoo with water.
-They argued that both Wudhoo and at-Tayammum has a specific sequence
and without it, these acts of purification will be invalid.
-Others stated that sequence is not a condition. So he may perform
Wudhoo as normal whilst omitted the injured area and then perform at-Tayammum
once he has completed his Wudhoo. This is the opinion of the Hanablees and the
correct opinion due to the following evidences:
-The Statement of the Most High, “If you are in a state of Janaba (i.e. had a sexual discharge), purify
yourself (bathe your whole body).” [5:6]
The point of evidence is that washing the body in Ghusl has no set
sequence. So if a person began his Ghusl by washing his feet and then washed
the rest of his body, his Ghusl would be complete.
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