It is reported on the authority of Ibn 'Umar that the Apostle (may peace and blessings be upon him) observed:
When a man calls his brother an unbeliever, it returns (at least) to one of them.
Explanation
-It returns has five possible meanings:
A) the one who does Istihlaal, returns on him
B) the one who is wronged is free from such a
statement
C) Qaadhee said it means that those who make Takfeer
are Kuffaar, but this view is weak as the majority view the Khwaarij being from
Ahl al-Qiblah
D) Kufr here means sin.
E) The Takfeer of Kufr is going to return upon the
one who said it wrongfully, so it's as if he did Takfeer upon himself.
[TN: the correct view is D, as Ibn Taymiyyah states that he wouldn't be called 'his brother' had it meant literal Takfir. So it refers to a tremendous sin initiated by the one insults].
Sharh Muslim 2/57-60
And Allah Knows best
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