Surah al-Israa
وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا فِى هَـٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ لِيَذَّكَّرُواْ وَمَا يَزِيدُهُمۡ إِلَّا نُفُورً۬ا
“And surely, We have explained [Our Promises, Warnings and (set forth many) examples] in this Qur'an that they (the disbelievers) may take heed, but it increases them in naught save aversion.” [17:41]
In another Aayah which is similar, Allaah the Most High, Says:
وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِى هَـٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ مِن كُلِّ مَثَلٍ۬ فَأَبَىٰٓ أَكۡثَرُ ٱلنَّاسِ إِلَّا ڪُفُورً۬ا
“And indeed We have fully explained to mankind, in this Qur'an, every kind of similitude, but most mankind refuse (the truth and accept nothing) but disbelief.” [17:89]
Which is similar to what He Said in Surah al-Khaf:
وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا فِى هَـٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ لِلنَّاسِ مِن ڪُلِّ مَثَلٍ۬ۚ وَكَانَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ أَڪۡثَرَ شَىۡءٍ۬ جَدَلاً۬
“And indeed We have put forth every kind of example in this Qur'an, for mankind. But, man is ever more quarrelsome than anything” [18:54]
Each of these Aayat carry the same wording but have different meanings and implications.
Surah al-Israa was revealed in Makkah and the people of Makkah belied the Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] and they sought to drive him out of the city. For this reason, the Aayat in Surah al-Israa in reference to the miracles that the Prophet had been given and in them is a sign for mankind.
As for the Aayah in Surah al-Khaf, then this comes in a context of refuting Iblees and his army, and casting blame on those who desire to follow them, despite them being a sworn enemy to man and Jinn.
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وَمَا مَنَعَ ٱلنَّاسَ أَن يُؤۡمِنُوٓاْ إِذۡ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡهُدَىٰٓ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُوٓاْ أَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ بَشَرً۬ا رَّسُولاً۬
“And nothing prevented men from believing when the guidance came to them, except that they said: "Has Allah sent a man as (His) Messenger?"” [17:94]
Another comparison between Surah al-Israa and Surah al-Khaf is found in this Aayah and the following:
وَمَا مَنَعَ ٱلنَّاسَ أَن يُؤۡمِنُوٓاْ إِذۡ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ رَبَّهُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن تَأۡتِيَہُمۡ سُنَّةُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ أَوۡ يَأۡتِيَہُمُ ٱلۡعَذَابُ قُبُلاً۬
“And nothing prevents men from believing, now when the guidance (the Qur'an) has come to them, and from asking Forgiveness of their Lord, except that the ways of the ancients be repeated with them (i.e. their destruction decreed by Allah), or the torment be brought to them face to face?” [18:55]
The Aayah in Surah al-Israa points out that the reason for their misguidance is only themselves, as they opted to reject the message.
However, the Aayah in Surah al-Khaf highlights that true prevention is from the Wisdom and Will of Allaah, as He already Knew that they would disbelieve and thus Decreed it.
Surah al-Khaf
هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ قَوۡمُنَا ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِۦۤ ءَالِهَةً۬ۖ
“"These our people have taken for worship aliha (gods) other than Him (Allah).” [18:15]
And in the next Ayaah, Allaah, the Most High, Says:
وَمَا يَعۡبُدُونَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ
“ they worship, except Allah” [18:16]
The first Aayah mentioned here makes mention of their gods being in plural whereas the second Aayah is affirmation that there is not god worthy of worship except Allaah in the singular form.
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فَأَرَدتُّ أَنۡ أَعِيبَہَا
“ So I wished to make a defective damage in it.” [18:79]
فَأَرَدۡنَآ أَن يُبۡدِلَهُمَا
“"So we intended that their Lord.” [18:81]
فَأَرَادَ رَبُّكَ
“and your Lord intended” [18:82]
According to Moosaa [Peace be upon him], Khadir [Peace be upon him]
committed three serious offences; he damaged a ship belonging to poor people, he killed an innocent child and he acted in kindness to people who wronged them. However, when Khadir wanted to explain the justify his actions the wording he used to differed.
His saying, “So I wished”, shows the manners that Khadir had with Allaah, the Most High, as he didn’t want to attribute “defective damage” to Allaah, so he attributed to himself.
“So we intended that their Lord”, uses the plural “we”, meaning that Allaah is the One Who Knew that this child will be disobedient to his parents however Khadir was the one who killed him. Thus attributing all Knowledge to Allaah and attributing the act of killing only to himself.
And Allah Knows best
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