It is narrated in the two Saheehs that Ibn
‘Abbaas [May Allaah be Pleased with him] said that he never saw the Messenger
[Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] more eager to fast than this day (
meaning the Day of ‘Aashoraa).
The Day of ‘Aashoora has a great virtue, an
ancient sacredness and fasting it was the practice of the Prophets [Peace and
Blessings of Allaah be upon them all. Both Nooh and Moosaa fasted it and the
Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] said, “The Day of ‘Aashoora
was the day in which the Prophets fasted, so you should fast them” [Narrated by
Mukhlid in his Musnad].
It was also a day in which the People of
the Book and the Mushriks of Quraysh fasted.
…
When the Messenger of Allaah [Peace and
Blessings of Allaah be upon him] asked the Jews after migrating to al-Madeenah,
“What is this day that you are fasting?” They replied by saying, “This is a
great day, it is the day in which Allaah saved Moosaa and his people and drowned
Fir’awn and his people. So Moosaa fasted this day out of thanks and so do we.” The
Messenger of Allaah [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] then responded
to them when he said, “We have more right to Moosaa than you.” So the Messenger
of Allaah [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] fasted it and he ordered
his Companions [May Allaah be Pleased with them all] to fast it also. This was
narrated in al-Bukhaaree and Muslim.
In another narration that was collected by
Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad, extra wording appears; “It is the day in which
Allaah saved Moosaa and Banee Israa’el from drowning and caused Fir’awn and his
people to be drowned instead. It is the day when the ark of Nooh settled on
Mount Joodee (i.e. the day the flood of the people of Nooh ended), so both Nooh
and Moosa [Peace be Upon them both] fasted this day, in thanks to Allaah, the
Glorofied and the Exalted. ”
…
Imaam Aboo Haneefah and what appaers to be
the correct view from Imaam Ahmad is that fasting this day, before the
obligation of fasting Ramadhaan, was obligatory.
The majority of the Shaafi’ees stated that
it was never obligatory and it was always a stressed recommendation to fast
this day. However now, after the obligation of fasting Ramadhaan, the scholars
differed: some said that fasting ‘Aashooraa has been abrogated in its ruling
but others stating that it is recommended.
(Some of the Salaf stated this). Qays bin
Sa’d said, “We act upon it (i.e. still fast the day of ‘Aashooraa)”.
It is narrated that Ibn Mas’ood and Ibn
‘Umar [May Allaah be Pleased with them both] both stated that it is not
recommended anymore.
It is also narrated that Sa’eed bin Mussyab
[May Allaah have Mercy on him] said about its abrogation, “The Messenger of Allaah
never fasted it.” A similar statement was narrated by Sa’d bin Abee Waqaas [May
Allaah be Pleased with him].
But the majority of the scholars uphold the
ruling that it is Mustahab (highly recommended). This was narrated to be the
view of ‘Umar, ‘Abdur-Rahmaan bin ‘Awf,
Aboo Moosaa al-‘Asharee, Qays bin Sa’eed, Ibn ‘Abbaas and others from the
companions [May Allaah be Pleased with them all].
Ibn ‘Abbaas [May Allaah be Pleased with
him] said about fasting ‘Aashooraa, “I never saw the Messenger of Allaah more
eager to fast, after Ramadhaan, than the day of ‘Aashooraa.”
It is also narrated that the Messenger of
Allaah [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] said, “I hope with Allaah
that is expiates the sins of the previous year.”
It is also narrated that the mother of the
believers, Hafsah bin ‘Umar bin al-Khattaab [May Allaah be Pleased with her]
said, “The Prophet never left fasting the day of ‘Aashooraa, the first ten days
of Dhu al-Hijjah and three days of every month.” [Narrated by Aboo Dawood].
It is narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas used to
fast this day even whilst travelling and that he used to fast the ninth and the
tenth, fearing that he may miss the tenth.
It is also narrated (others from the Salaf)
that Ibn Ishaaq used to fast the day of ‘Aashooraa, the day before it and a day
after it (i.e. 9th, 10th and 11th) and he said
about it, “I fear that I might miss it”.
It is also narrated that Ibn Sireen used to
fast all three days.
It is narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas and
ad-Dahaak used to fast the ninth and the tenth.
It is narrated that Aboo Haneefah,
ash-Shaafi’ee and Ahmad all recommended the fasting of the ninth and the tenth.
Adapted
from Lataa’if al-Ma’aarif (Pg. 37-41) by Imaam Ibn Rajab al-Hanbalee (795
H) [May Allaah have Mercy on him]
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