Kashf al-Ma'aanee of Ibn Jama'aah - Juzz 30

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جَزَاءً وِفَاقًا

“An exact recompense (according to their evil crimes).” [78:26]

An exact recompense means they will not be dealt with unjustly nor will there sins be multiplied.

جَزَاءً مِنْ رَبِّكَ عَطَاءً حِسَابًا

Whereas the believers will have their deeds multiplied for them; “A reward from your Lord, an ample calculated gift (according to the best of their good deeds).” [78:36]

Surah an-Naaziaat and Surah ‘Abasa

In Surah an-Naaziaat the description of death coming is of;

فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الطَّامَّةُ الْكُبْرَىٰ 

“But when there comes the greatest catastrophe (i.e. the Day of Recompense, etc.),” [79:34]

But in Surah ‘Abasa the description is similar;

فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الصَّاخَّةُ

“Then, when there comes As-Sakhkhah (the Day of Resurrection's second blowing of Trumpet),” [80:33]

Surah an-Naaziaat is about the taking of the soul and the state of people on the Day of Judgement. It also informs us of how Fir’awn disbelieved and was taken to account, punished and disgraced. Therefore, the wording in this Surah is of a “catastrophe”.

Surah ‘Abasa talks mainly about the creation of man and the stages of life they go through in the Dunya until they enter the grave, thus “As-Sakhkhah (the Day of Resurrection's second blowing of Trumpet),” is used as this is when they will exit the grave. The meaning of Sakhhah is that it is a severe calling (Athaan) that will occur that will wake them up from their sleep.

Surah at-Takweer and Surah al-Infitaar

In Surah at-Takweer, it describes the seas as;

وَإِذَا الْبِحَارُ سُجِّرَتْ

“And when the seas shall become as blazing Fire or shall overflow;” [81:6]
Whereas in al-Infitaar;

وَإِذَا الْبِحَارُ فُجِّرَتْ

“And when the seas are burst forth;” [82:3]

The difference in the wording is because the difference of topics in the Surah.
Surah at-Takweer gives description on how the Dunyaa will be fused with the Aakhirah, as some scholars stating that the Hell-fire will appear from below the earth. Thus, the seas which are full of water, will become ablaze with fire.
As for Surah al-Infitaar, then this describes the describes the biological change that the creation will go through as the Day of Judgement commences. Thus, the seas will exceed their bounds.

Surah al-Layl and Surah ad-Duhaa

This Surah appears before Surah ad-Duhaa because night precedes day.
It also precedes it because humans and their actions are usually that of ignorance and sin, thus Surah al-Layl and darkness comes before Surah ad-Duhaa and light.

Surah ad-Duhaa also gives description of the life and character of the Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him], thus he is likened to light.

Surah al-Sharh

فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا {5}

إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا {6}

“So verily, with the hardship, there is relief. Verily, with the hardship, there is relief (i.e. there is one hardship with two reliefs, so one hardship cannot overcome two reliefs).” [94:5-6]

Relief comes after hardship and this is repeated twice to show emphasis that there will always be ease after hardship. The second ease is not like the first ease, as the second one is without measure.

Surah at-Teen

ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَاهُ أَسْفَلَ سَافِلِينَ {5}

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ {6}

“Then We reduced him to the lowest of the low,6. Save those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous deeds, then they shall have a reward without end (Paradise).” [95:5-6]

The word “then” is a consequence of doing good deeds. The context given in this Aayah is that mankind are/will be reduced to the “lowest of the low” except for those who believe and good deeds. If they accomplish this, then they will have their reward multiplied and everlasting.

Surah at-Takaathur

ثُمَّ لَتُسْأَلُنَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَنِ النَّعِيمِ

“Then, on that Day, you shall be asked about the delight (you indulged in, in this world)!” [102:8]

The Quraan encourages us to ask Allaah for His Favour and give thanks to Him. However, the meaning of this Aayah is in relation to those who are given favours but don’t give thanks and don’t use them in acts of obedience to Allaah.

Surah al-Kaafiroon

لَا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ {2}

وَلَا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ {3}

“"I worship not that which you worship, "Nor will you worship that which I worship.” [109:2-3]

Repetition of these Aayat is a miracle within itself. (One of) the meanings given to first set of these Aayat is that “We abandon ourselves from what you worship and we will not worship what you worship”. As for the repetition and the second set then the meaning is, “We will not worship what you worship and you will not worship what we worship”, thus proving to a miracle to the Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] as years later after this Surah was revealed, many remained as Kuffaar and died upon Shirk.

Surah al-Falaq

قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ {1}

مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ {2}

وَمِنْ شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ {3}

وَمِنْ شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ {4}

وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ {5}

1. Say: "I seek refuge with (Allah) the Lord of the daybreak,

2. "From the evil of what He has created;

3. "And from the evil of the darkening (night) as it comes with its darkness; (or the moon as it sets or goes away).

4. "And from the evil of the witchcrafts when they blow in the knots,

5. "And from the evil of the envier when he envies."

After seeking refuge in Allaah from the evil of His Creation, this Surah gives three of the most overpowering evil traits found within the creation: the evils that happen at night, the evilness of Sihr and the evilness of envy and what it leads to.

Surah an-Naas

قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ {1}

مَلِكِ النَّاسِ {2}

إِلَٰهِ النَّاسِ {3}

مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ {4}

الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ {5}

مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ {6}

1. Say: "I seek refuge with (Allah) the Lord of mankind,

2. "The King of mankind,

3. "The Ilah (God) of mankind,

4. "From the evil of the whisperer (devil who whispers evil in the hearts of men) who withdraws (from his whispering in one's heart after one remembers Allah) ,

5. "Who whispers in the breasts of mankind,

6. "Of jinns and men."

1. The word “Say” appears in the Surah and the ones before it for two reasons:

          -Commanding the Prophet [Peace and Blessings of Allaah be upon him] directly as a form of honour for him, as he is the one that has been specified in this Aayah but the general command is for the whole Ummah.

          -Also, had the Aayah started with “I seek refuge…” then there wouldn’t exist a command to seek refuge in Allaah. With the word “Say”, it becomes a command upon us all to seek refuge in Allaah, supplicate and seek assistance in Him.

2. This Surah has three characteristics of Allaah which are specified:

“Lord of mankind,

"The King of mankind,

"The Ilah (God) of mankind,

Thus showing that complete assistance can only be gained from Allaah, the Lord, King and Ilaah (God) of mankind.

It also shows that these three characteristics are directly related in combating Shaytaan and his whispers, as the Aayah that appears after it is:

“From the evil of the whisperer (devil who whispers evil in the hearts of men) who withdraws (from his whispering in one's heart after one remembers Allah)”

With this we realise the difference between Surah al-Falaq and Surah an-Naas:

          -In Surah al-Falaq we seek refuge in Allaah from the evil of His Creation, thus we seek to protect our bodies, wealth and families.

          -In Surah an-Naas we seek refuge in Allaah from the whispers and evil thoughts from Shaytaan, thus we seek to protect our hearts and thoughts.

And Allaah the Most High Knows Best

To Him is all Thanks and Praise